北卡罗来纳州小档案：
人口：约840万
面积：约136，560平方公里，排名第28位
州府：洛利Raleigh
北卡罗来纳州，与南卡罗来纳州State of South Carolina原是一地，叫做卡罗来纳省Province of Carolina，系纪念英王查理一世。因为英王之名Charles，写成拉丁文时，为Carolus。1712年分为南北两州。
1585年，由洛利Sir Walter Raleigh来此殖民。现今本州州府叫做洛利Raleigh ，就是纪念他。1789年11月21日，成为美国旧13州中的第10州。以山茱萸花为州花，与弗州相同。本州别名，叫做“黑油鞋根之州”Tar Heel State或“老北州”Old North State。本州箴言：“行动而非猜想”To Be Rather Than to Seem。
州府是洛利Raleigh位于中部。大都市沙洛特，在西南部。州内高等学校有9所。最著名的大学是北卡罗来纳大学（分六处：第一处在查伯山Chapel Hill，创于1789年；第二处是在洛利，创于1889年；第三处在格陵斯堡Greensboro，创于1891年；第四处在阿士维尔Asheville，创于1927年；第五处在维明顿，创于1947年；最后一处在沙洛特，创于1965年。）
本州特征有二：第一，农业方面，烟草产量每年可达7亿磅，在各州中，列第一位。近年来，由于美国卫生局推行戒烟，产量渐减。第二，棉织工业为各州冠。以沙洛特Charlotte为中心，周围有许多的小型纺织工业都市。
本州主要作物是烟草、棉花、大豆及玉蜀黍。火鸡、肉鸡、乳牛、肉牛之畜养亦盛。本州出产云母，产量为各州之冠。
Introduction简介
本书主要介绍北卡罗来纳州、北达科他州、俄亥俄州和俄克拉荷马州的概况、州长、州鸟、州花、州旗、州歌以及相关资料，附有话里话外部分，主要介绍美国总统就职典礼和白宫的相关内容。
At the time of the first European contact，North Carolina was inhabited by a number of native tribes sharing some cultural traits，but also distinguished by regional and linguistic（语言上的）variations．Three major language families were represented in North Carolina：Iroquoian，Siouan，and Algonquian．
The territory was called Carolina in honor of Charles the First（“Carolus”is the Latin form of “Charles”）．In 1665，a second charter was granted to clarify（澄清，阐明）territorial questions not answered in the first charter．This charter extended the boundary lines of Carolina．
The northern and southern areas were distinct（截然不同的）．In the north，tobacco grew well，and pine forests provided shipbuilding（造船）products known as naval stores（pitch，tar，turpentine）．In the south，the cash crops were rice and indigo（靛，靛青）（source of a blue dye）．Increasingly，colonists and their assemblies feuded（长期不和，长期争斗）with the proprietors’agents．By 1729，there were a total of eleven precincts：six in Albemarle County and five in Bath County，which had been created in 1696．
In 1729，seven of the Lords Proprietors sold their interests in North Carolina to the Crown and North Carolina became a royal colony．The eighth proprietor，Lord Granville，retained（保持，保留）economic interest and continued granting land in the northern half of North Carolina．In 1729，North Carolina and South Carolina became separate royal colonies and in 1732the southern portion of South Carolina separated and became Georgia a year later．All political functions were under the supervision（监督，管理）of the Crown until 1775．
Troops from Carolina were sent to resolve（解决）colonial wars，including the French and Indian War（1754－1763）．In 1761，an important victory over the Cherokee［切罗基族（北美易洛魁人的一支）人］opened much of western Carolina to settlement．
North Carolina，on April 12，1776，authorized her delegates to the Continental Congress to vote for independence．This was the first official action by a colony calling for independence．The 83delegates present in Halifax at the Fourth Provincial Congress unanimously（全体一致地，无异议地）adopted the Halifax（哈利法克斯）Resolves．
Colonists in North Carolina were divided during the Revolutionary War．Tories remained loyal to Britain and those who opposed Britain were called Whigs（辉格党）．The Whigs won the first battle in North Carolina at Moore’s Creek Bridge in 1776．Although much of the fighting left North Carolina，its soldiers continued fighting for both sides in Virginia，Georgia，and South Carolina．
In early December，1776，delegates to the Fifth Provincial Congress adopted the first constitution for North Carolina．On December 21，1776，Richard Caswell became the first governor of North Carolina under the new constitution．In 1788，North Carolina rejected（抵制，否决）the United States Constitution because of the lack of necessary amendments（改善，改正）to ensure freedom of the people；however，on November 21，1789，the state adopted the constitution，becoming the twelfth state to enter the federal union．
North Carolina has had two permanent capitals，New Bern and Raleigh，and there have been three capitol（国会大厦，州议会大厦）buildings．Tryon Palace in New Bern was constructed in the period 1767—1770，and the main building was destroyed by fire February 27，1798．The first capitol in Raleigh was completed in 1794and was destroyed by fire on June 21，1831．The present capitol building was completed in 1840．
In 1790，North Carolina ceded（放弃）her western lands which included Washington，Davidson，Hawkins，Greene，Sullivan，Sumner，and Tennessee（田纳西州）counties，to the federal government．Between 1790and 1796the territory was known as Tennessee Territory，but in 1796it became simply Tennessee，the sixteenth state in the Union．
During the years between the Revolutionary and Civil Wars，North Carolina developed a system of state and local government to meet the needs of its people．During this same period，two North Carolina natives were elected to the presidency（任期）of the United States：Andrew Jackson，the seventh president（1829－1837），and James K．Polk，the eleventh president（1845－1849）．
Although there was much division in the state concerning secession，North Carolina did secede（正式脱离或退出）on May 20，1861．North Carolina was not considered a wealthy state，but during the Civil War North Carolina supplied more men and materials to the Confederate cause than any other state．The state also suffered the largest number of losses than any other Confederate state during the war．General Joseph Johnston surrendered（交出，放弃）the last major Confederate Army to General William Sherman near Durham on April 26，1865．
Over 125，000soldiers fought for the Confederacy from North Carolina and many battles occurred within the state．At the end of the war，most of the state lay in ruins．Reconstruction began．North Carolina was under military rule until a new constitution outlawing（将……放逐，宣布……为不合法）slavery was ratified．North Carolina was readmitted（重新接纳）to the Union on June 25，1868．
Serving as president during much of the difficult period of Reconstruction was Andrew Johnson，the seventeenth president（1865－1869），another North Carolina native．The years of reconstruction and the decades following were characterized by courageous（勇敢的，有胆量的）readjustments（重新整理）．
