split4 [ split ] v.①劈开，(使) 裂开，分裂，分离②分担，分享；分成若干份n.裂开，裂口，裂痕
[ 同义] tea r
[ 考点] a split between the couple 那对夫妇的离异
split off (使) 分裂
split sth.(up) into 把.分开成.
split up 分开，分成
[ 例句] The par ty s plit up into two groups.
tab [ t .. b] n.①制表，标号，TAB 键，标签，制表符，小报，账单②待付账单；
[ 考点] keep tabs (up ) on 记.的账，密切注视.的动态pick up the tab (代他人) 付账，承担全部费用
[ 例句] Who is picking up the tab for the r esea rch?
tabulate [..t .. bjuleit ] v t.把.制成表格
v.列表
wane [ wein ] n.①月亏，月亏期，衰退，衰退期②减少，减退，衰弱
vi.变小，亏缺，衰落，退潮，消逝，呈下弦
[ 考点] on the wane 正在减少、衰退、落败
[ 例句] The popular ity of that song is on the wane.a measure of 分量，程度
[ 例句] The new legislation has given women a measur e of independence.
on the wane 日益衰落、衰弱，日益败落
[ 例句] By the 5th century ，the power of Roman Empir e was on the wane.
pick up the tab/ check 承担全部责任
[ 例句] Why should the taxpayer pick up the tab for a private company’s mistake?
play it by ear (没有预定计划) 随机应变
[ 例句] The head of the delegation said his team would play it by ear.
sit back 倚着靠背舒服地坐着
[ 例句] You sit back and watch TV-I’ll was h up.
Passage Ⅲ Why Manners?
词汇精解
beware [ bi..w....] v.小心，谨防
[ 考点] bewar e of 小心
bewar e that 请注意
[ 例句] Bewa re that you do not fall into this mistake again.
brutal6 [..bru..tl ] ad j.残忍的，兽性的
changeability * [..t..eind......biliti ] n.可变性，易变性
civili ty [ si..viliti ] n.礼貌，端庄
[ 考点] do civility 尽礼仪
offe r civility 以礼相待
show eve ry civility to a guest 待客礼貌周到
vapid civility 虚礼
[ 例句] Thank you for your civility in replying to my let ter so promptly.
confrontat ion* [..k..nfr..n..tei....n] n.冲突，对抗
[ 考点] the confrontation between the two big powe rs 两个大国之间的对抗
[ 例句] The Arab Israeli confrontation is causing our firm serious difficulties.
diplomacy [ di..pl..um..si ] n.外交
[ 考点] power diplomacy 强权外交
shuttle diplomacy 穿梭外交
gun boa t diplomacy 炮舰外交
dolla r diplomacy 美元外交
diplomat6 [..dipl..m .. t ] n.外交官，有外交手腕的人
[ 考点] a front rank diplomat 第一流的外交家
an inte rnational diplomat 国际外交家
a master diplomat 老练的外交家
a sagacious diploma t 精明的外交家
duel [..dju....l] n.决斗v.决斗
[ 考点] fight a duel with sb.与某人决斗
a verbal duel 舌战
challenge sb.to a duel 向某人提出决斗
[ 例句] The two opposing lawyers fought a duel of wits.
elaborate4 [ i..l .. b..rit ] ad j.精心制作的，详细阐述的，复杂的
vt.精心制作，详细阐述
[ 考点] elaborate a plan for 为.精心拟定计划
elaborate (up) on a theory/ plan 对某一理论/ 计划作详细说明
[ 例句] The inventor spent months in elaborateing his plans for a new engine.
exquisitely * [ ek..skwizitli] a dv.精巧地，精美地
hairdo [..h....du..] n.< 美> (女子) 发型，发式；做好的头发
indoors4 [ in..d....z] a dv.在户内
intercourse6 [..int..k....s] n.交往，交流
[ 考点] renew one’s intercourse with 重新与.交往
resume one’s intercourse with 与.恢复交往
stimulate friendly intercourse among 促进.间的友好交往
indirect inte rcourse with 与.间接交往
personal intercourse with 与.直接交往
[ 例句] Englis h and French ar e more widely spread and more used in international intercourse than German.
jugular [..d......jul..] n.颈静脉
lice [ lais] n.虱子
lubricate6 [..lu..brikeit ] vt.润滑
v.加润滑油
machinery4 [ m......i..n..ri ] n.[总称] 机器，机械
medieval6 [ medi..i..vl；(US) mi..di..ivl ] adj.中世纪的，中古的
[ 考点] in medieval times 在中世纪
[ 例句] Some of their methods punis hment ar e absolutely medieval！
neutralize* [..nju..t r....laiz；(US) nu..- ] v.使失效，抵消；使中和；使中立化
[ 例句] Switzerland was neut ralized in 1815.
opponent4 [....p..un..nt ] adj.对立的，对抗的n.对手，反对者
[ 考点] a political opponent 政敌
[ 例句] He bea t his opponent three sets to love.
origin4 [....r id..in] n.起源，开端，出身，血统，[ 数] 原点
[ 考点] the or igins of cance r 癌症的病因
by origin 就出身、血统而言
the ultimate origin 最初的起源
reveal (uncover ) the or igin of 揭示的起源
count ry of or igin 原产地
of worker and peasant origin 工农出身
[ 例句] He was a Frenchman by origin.
peasantry [..peznt ri] n.农民(总称) ，小农阶级
pitchfork [..pit..f....k] n.干草叉，长柄草耙
prudent [..pru..dnt ] adj.谨慎的，慎重的
[ 考点] be modest and prudent 谦虚而谨慎
be prudent in ut terance 说话谨慎小心
the prudent use of resources 资源的节约使用
a prudent busines sman 精明的企业家
[ 例句] He was prudent enough to keep away from the dange r.
rebellious* [ ri..belj..s] a dj.造反的，反叛的，反抗的，难于对付的
reputation4 [ repju..tei....n] n.名誉，名声
[ 考点] build up reputa tion in 在.逐渐树立起名声
blacken the reputation of sb.玷污某人的名声
deserve the r eputation one enjoys 名不虚传
have a reputation for 以.闻名
live up to one’s reputation 不负盛名
business reputation 商业信誉
enjoy some r eputation 小有名气
a man of no reputa tion 默默无闻的人
[ 例句] The teacher gained a high reputation for lea rning.
scythe [ sai..] n.长柄镰刀，大镰刀
vt.用镰割
server [..s....v..] n.① (特别是正餐时使用的) 盘，盆等上菜，上饮料的器具②服务器
stab6 [ st .. b] n.刺，刺伤的伤口，中伤，伤痛
v.刺，刺伤，伤害(感情等)
steward [..stju....d；(US) ..stu....d] n.(轮船，飞机等) 乘务员，服务员，招待员
temper4 [..temp..] n.恶劣的心情，心绪焦虑，性情，脾气，情绪，心情
[ 考点] keep (control/ hold) one’s temper 按住性子，忍着性子
lose one’s tempe r 发脾气
moody temper 喜怒无常的性格
have a hot (quick/ shor t ) tempe r 脾气急躁
a sweet (yielding/ placid) temper 温顺的性格
out of temper 生气
put sb.out of temper 惹.生气
[ 例句] Your fa the r seems to be out of tempe r with you this morning.
theory4 [....i..ri] n.理论，学说
[ 考点] abstr act theory 抽象理论
a well knit theory 严谨的理论
upon the theory that 根据.的理论
set up a new theory 提出新的理论
construct (establis h) theory 创立学说
a c rude theory 不成熟的理论
[ 例句] Ther e were several theor ies about the way in which the fire star ted.
transaction6 [ t r .. n..z .. k....n] n.交易，事务
uncouch [..n..ku....] adj.无教养的，粗鲁的
visible4 [..viz..bl ] ad j.看得见的，明显的，显著的
[ 考点] easily visible 显而易见的
faintly visible 隐约可见的
wholly visible 十分明显的
be visible with microscope 可用显微镜看见
[ 例句] Some a re so small as to be sca rcely visible to the naked eye.
descend on 突然降临，笼罩
[ 例句] The plague descended on the province.
for the most part 多半，通常，在极大程度上
[ 例句] Their design ，for the most pa rt ，corr espond to actual needs.
