Art and Architecture of Greece希腊建筑与艺术
希腊是欧洲文明的主要发源地，因为围绕着爱琴海，所以希腊文明又称为爱琴文明。他不像再早一点的埃及文明那样，带有浓重的对法老和神灵的崇拜色彩，应该说更多的是将当时人们的生活融入了其中，这一点从他们将神赋予人的形象就可看出。希腊文明的主要体现，就表现在其神话、雕塑与建筑上，而后两者又深受前者的影响。
希腊雕塑与建筑是可以一同划分其时代的，因为它们所具有的艺术内涵和其表现形式总是与当时的社会背景有紧密的联系。大致分为古风时期（因这时期的雕刻艺术呈古朴稚拙的风格而得名），古典时期（希波战争结束至马其顿亚历山大大帝开始东侵那段时间），以及希腊化时期(指罗马灭亡埃及托勒密王朝这一时期)。
古希腊人似乎不像古埃及人那样喜欢在墙壁上绘画，更多地画在器皿上，所以能流传下来的真是极为难得。能让古希腊艺术流传得更广的主要是雕塑。
古希腊人似乎生活得非常自信，不像古埃及人那样关注死后的事，他们热爱生活，关注人类自身。在他们看来，人体是美丽、是高贵、是伟大、是崇高（绝非是性本能的冲动），因此，他们充满激情地歌颂人体之美（尤其是男人体）。
早期的雕塑，造型上还比较僵直，面部带着古风式的微笑（没有精神内容）。以后渐渐地有了精神，有了生命，达到了后人难以达到的至高点，对以后的欧洲美术产生了巨大的影响。
The art and architecture of ancient Greece have greatly influenced Western art through the present day. ByzantineByzantine adj.东罗马帝国的， 拜占庭式的 n.拜占庭人， 拜占庭派的建筑师， 画家 art and architecture also played an important role in early Christianity， and remain a significant influence in the Orthodox Christian nations of Eastern Europe and Eurasia. Yet， due to the ravages of history， only a minor assortmentassortment n.分类 of ancient Greek art has survived - most often in the forms of sculpture and architecture and minor arts， including coin design， pottery and gem engravingengraving n.雕刻术， 雕版， 雕版图.
Architecture
Remains of ancient Greek architecture still survive or are well documented today alongside more modern examples.
The ancient Greeks developed two primary styles (or “Classical orders”)； the restrained and solid Doric and the refined and decorated Ionic. It should be noted that the IonicIonic adj.爱奥尼亚式的 style eventually evolved into the more ornate Corinthian style.
The form of ancient Greek temples， a rectangularrectangular adj.矩形的， 成直角的 shape， surrounded by colonnades surmounted by a triangular pediment， built from limestone or marble， remains a popular style to date. While the arch was familiar to the Greeks， it was not widely used， in contrast to later Roman buildings. Surviving examples of ancient Greek architecture include the Parthenon and the Erechtheum in Athens， and Roman structures based on the Greek model， such as the Pantheon in Rome.
Painting and Sculpture
The Greeks， like most European cultures， regarded painting as the highest form of art. Although the names of ancient Greek painters are known， such as Polygnotus， Aetion and ApellesApelles 阿佩利斯(公元前4世纪希腊画家，曾给马其顿的腓力二世及亚历山大大帝充当宫廷画师)， examples of ancient Greek paintings are very rare. Greek painters worked mainly on wooden panels. The finest works were admired for hundreds of years after their creation. However， these paintings rapidly disappeared after the 4th century A.D. when they were no longer adequately protected. In addition to substandard Roman copies， for example in Pompeii， rare survivingsurviving 继续存在的，未死的，依然健在的 examples have been found in the tombs of the kings of Macedon at Vergina， at Lefcadia also in ancient Macedon， as well as Kazanlak in ancient Thrace.
Surviving examples of the ancient Greek sculpture are more common， particularly the works of the Greek master sculptors， such as Phidias and Praxiteles. These artists and their followers were frequently emulatedemulate n.仿效 by the Romans. However， the Christians of the 4th and 5th centuries viewed the destruction of pagan idols as an act of piety. Many ancient marble sculptures were burned to form lime in the Middle Ages， and most bronze statues were melted down for their metal. The marble statues that escaped destruction were spared as they were either buried and forgotten， or in the case of bronzes， lost at sea.
Greece Dining健康的传统希腊饮食
希腊的餐饮有着悠久的传统，早在公元前330年，希腊的美食家就写出了历史上的第一部有关烹饪的书。希腊的饮食跟其他国家的相比，有着显着的区别。希腊菜里一般都放有橄榄油，它独特的香味是在其他地方品尝不到的。
希腊的食物有很多的种类，不管是肉食者还是素食者，都可以在这里希腊的餐饮有着悠久的传统，早在公元前330年，希腊的美食家就写了历史上的第一部有关烹饪的书。找到合适自己的菜肴。一顿典型的希腊大餐包括一个热汤或葡萄酒，一道莴苣色拉，一道热的肉菜或是海产品，加上一小篮面包。
传统希腊饮食包含大量水果、蔬菜、果仁、橄榄及橄榄油﹔比较其他地中海国家，吃较多芝士、鱼肉、谷类，多吃酵母面包（sourdough bread）及葡萄酒。以上饮食方式提供维他命E及C和纤维素，亦有来自葡萄酒、橄榄油、蔬果的丰富抗氧化物质，亦有优质脂肪如单元不饱和脂肪和奥米加三脂肪酸，集合种种保健物质，形成了防癌防心脏病的保健好处。
希望提升健康的人士，可仿效部分吃法，包括多吃新鲜蔬菜水果，间中进食果仁，家中可选用橄榄油，烹调非油炸菜式﹔因为橄榄油不耐热，不适合高温煮食。不过，地中海饮食属于高脂肪饮食，肥胖人士进食果仁和橄榄油宜适可而止。
希腊饮食的诀窍在于新鲜的材料、调味料和橄榄油。希腊的橄榄油世界闻名，它有益于健康，而且质量非常的好。希腊温和的气候孕育了味道鲜美的蔬菜水果，像葡萄、莴苣、桃子、咖喱、草莓、西瓜等。至于调味料，希腊漫山遍岭都是。希腊人常常在野外摘取，用于烹调。
另外，希腊人习惯于和朋友一起享用午餐，在家里或者在餐厅里。轻松的就餐气氛使桌上的美食更具风味。
Greece food and wine is famous for its good quality products and the amazing taste of its food and wines.
Some dishes are the same everywhere in Greece and the Greek Islands， whereas some others are local culinaryculinary adj.厨房的， 烹调用的， 厨房用的 specialties or same dishes cooked in different manners (in islands， Crete， Thessaloniki， etc).
Food， for the Greeks， had all sorts of religious and philosophicalphilosophical adj.哲学的 meaning. The Greeks， to begin with， never ate meat unless it had been sacrificedsacrifice n.牺牲， 献身， 祭品， 供奉 v.牺牲， 献出， 献祭， 供奉 to a god， or had been hunted in the wild. They believed that it was wrong to kill and eat a tame， domesticated animal without sacrificing it to the gods. Even with vegetables， many Greeks believed that particular foods were cleaner or dirtier， or that certain gods liked certain foods better than others. The Pythagoreans， for example， would not eat beans. But even if you were not a Pythagorean， the Greeks tended to think of the god Dionysos whenever they drank wine (which was often)， and to think of Demeter and Perse phone whenever they ate bread.
Greeks ate mainly the Mediterranean triad， wheat (or barley or millet)， wine， and olive oil. They also grew vegetables， especially legumeslegume n.豆类， 豆荚 (lentils， beans， peas， chickpeas). Possibly they ate more fish than most other Mediterranean people. Also， because of their feelings about sacrificing meat， they may have eaten meat less than other people did.
