登陆注册
23770800000086

第86章 《计算机英语》主要语法现象(1)

一、动词不定式

在《计算机英语》中,动词不定式大量用来作状语或定语。

1.动词不定式在句首或句末常常用来表示目的,可以译成“为了……”“以便……”,可见这个时候起状语的作用。例如:

(1)We use good tools to do a good job.

(2)To do a good job, we use good tools.

(3)We must do every thing we can to help them.

由于英语中常用被动语态,所以上面的例(1)可以表示为:

(4)Good tools are used to do a good job.

注意例子中的不定式部分,这类句型在《计算机英语》中大量的出现。类似的句型还有:

(5)A circuit of the demultiplexer is arranged to detect the synchronization word, and thereby it knows that the next group of 8-digits corresponds to channel 1.

(6)Furthermore, we shall prove that a minimum theoretical sampling frequency of order 6.8 kilohertz is required to convey a voice channel occupying therage 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz.

(7)As each incoming bit is sampled, it is used to construct a new character.

(8)Timing signals from the interface assembly at the transmitter are appliedto the data modem to synchronize the computer and the data set.

(9)The switching centers are linked together by trunks. These trunks are designed to carry multiple voice-frequency circuits using either FDM orsynchronous TDM.

(10)The 10 regional centers are meshed together to provide full connectivity.

2.动词不定式在名词之后常用来表示定语,译成“……的……”。例如:

(1)She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings.

(2)I want to get something to read during the vacation.

(3)She was the first person to think of the idea.

(4)This will be a good opportunity to exchange experience.

(5)The operator of a local telephone switchboard had an option to transmit an optical of acoustical signal for the searched person over a wired network.

(6)Why 800 MHz? The FCC’s decision to choose 800 MHz was made because of server spectrum limitations at lower frequency bands.

(7)Any communication systems which can provide customers with means to communicate from any place, at any time and at any distance give social andeconomic advantages.

二、动名词

动名词的作用相当于名词,它在句子中可作主语、宾语或介词宾语。例如:

(1)(Reading is a good habit.

动名词在句子中作主语。

(2)I enjoy working with you.

动名词在句子中作宾语。

(3)I am interested in reading.

动名词在句子中作介词宾语。

动名词的作用虽然相当于名词,但它仍然具有一些动词的特征。例如,它可以有自己的宾语和状语。如以下例句:

(4)I am interested in carefully reading books.

(5)He insisted on doing it in his own way.

(6)What would you suggest for overcoming the difficulties?

在《计算机英语》中,动名词的应用相当普遍,请看下面的例子:

(7)Digital transmission provides a powerful method for overcoming noisyenvironments.

(8)Consequently there is an inherent advantage for overcoming noisy environments by choosing digital transmission.

(9)The telephone contains a transmitter and receiver for converting back and forth between analog voice and analog electrical signals.

三、现在分词

1.现在分词一般作形容词用,可修饰动作的发出者,有主动的意义。可译成“……的……”,此时多作定语。例如:

(1)The smiling girl is Wangling.

(2)This is an amusing story.

在更多情况下,我们可以用现在分词短语作定语,在意思上和一个定语从句差不多。例如:

(3)The girl standing by the window talked to her friend.

(4)There are lots of boys on the sports ground playing football.

(5)They built a highway leading into the mountains.

在《计算机英语》中,现在分词的英语很普遍,有如下例子:

(6)Thus the output to the codec may be seen as a sequence of 8 pulses relating to channel 1, then channel 2, and so on.

(7)In addition to defining standards covering the NNI, CCITT also embarked on a series of standards governing the operator of synchronous multiplexers and SDH network management.

(8)The unquestionable success of the first generation of paging systems using wired networks with signaling devices was following in the early 1950s by technological progress in the miniaturization of electronic circuitry.

2.现在分词还可以作状语,用来表示方式、目的、条件、结果和背景等等;有时表示主语在作一个动作的同时还进行的另一个动作,此时称之为伴随状态。例如:

(1)Every evening they sit in sofa watching TV.

现在分词起伴随作用。

(2)I read the English book, using my dictionary.

现在分词表示条件或背景。

还可以列出一些例子:

(3)I ran out of the house shouting.

(4)Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

(5)She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.

(6)At the receiving end of an asynchronous serial data link, the receiver continually monitors the line looking for a start bit.

(7)Generally, this link has lower capacity than the total number of PBX subscribers, reflecting the fact that, at any given time, only a fraction of the subscribers will be engaged in external calls.

四、过去分词

1.过去分词(短语)一般作形容词用,可以修饰动作的对象,有被动的意义。可译成“被……的……”或“由……的……”,此时多作定语。例如:

(1)The trees planted by me have grown up.

(2)What’s the language spoken in this area?

(3)Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.

(4)For example, the signal received from a satellite, located in far outer space, is very weak and is at a level only slightly above that of the noise.

(5)Once the start bit has been detected, the receiver waits until the end of the start bit and then samples the next N bit at their centers, using a clock generated locally by the receiver.

(6)The ideal mobile telephone system would operate within a limited assigned frequency band and would serve an almost unlimited number of users in unlimited areas.

(7)In addition to the five classes of switching centers listed above, the network is augmented with additional switching nodes called tandem switches.

(8)This is actually a collection of national networks interconnected to form a international service.

五、状语从句

用作状语的从句叫做状语从句,根据其用途,状语从句可以分为:

1.时间状语从句,其关联词除了常见的after, before, once, since, till 等外,一些表示时间的副词和短语,如:directly, immediately, the minute, the second, by the time 等,也可以引导时间状语从句。

By the time these various radio waves reach the earth they are naturally veryweak.

在科技英语中,时间状语从句有时表示条件。例如:

Immediately/Instantly the button is pressed, the power supplies.

一按电钮,电就来了

2.地点状语从句,其关联词有:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等。例如:

In general, where there is little water, you don’t find green field.

3.原因状语从句,其常见的关联词有:because, as, since等。

Theory in valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.

另外,有些表示原因的短语,如:seeing that, in as much as 等也可引导原因状语从句。

同类推荐
  • 有些路,只能一个人走

    有些路,只能一个人走

    本书精选了众多励志小故事,让我们在这些美文中开始一段心灵的旅行,去发现最好的自己,屏弃内心的杂念,给灵魂喘息的机会。人生变幻,目前的困境只是暂时的,偶尔一两次的失败并不代表什么,挺起胸膛,还有更长的路要走。打破禁锢,开放自我,充分相信自己的未来充满阳光,不断超越自己,发现最好的自己,踏上更高、更广阔的舞台!
  • 看古希腊神话故事学英语

    看古希腊神话故事学英语

    神话是远古人类思想与生活的反映,是原始信仰的产物。希腊神话故事经历了丰富的时代变迁和历史风云,几乎成为希腊乃至欧洲一切文学和艺术活动的基本素材。马克思曾说:“希腊神话不只是希腊艺术的宝库,而且是它的土壤”。希腊神话也是欧美文艺取之不尽的艺术源泉。希腊神话具有无穷的认识价值和永久的审美魅力。希腊神话还为现代奥林匹克运动会的形成奠定了基础。在古希腊这个神话王国中,优美动人的神话故事和曲折离奇的民间传说为古奥运会的起源蒙上一层神秘的色彩。那些经久不衰的神话故事让我们着迷,那些如雷贯耳的名字至今仍被我们尊为“大师”。时隔千年,希腊神话还对我们产生影响。
  • 了不起的盖茨比(英文朗读版)

    了不起的盖茨比(英文朗读版)

    《THEGREATGATSBY:了不起的盖茨比(英文朗读版)》首次出版于1925年,20世纪美国著名小说家F?S?菲茨杰拉德代表作,被视为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征,曾入选20世纪百部最佳英文小说,20世纪50年代后的数十年间一度成为美国高中、大学文学课的标准教材。小说以未成名作家尼克的视角出发,全面展现了美国20年代纸醉金迷的上层社会生活,人与人之间的虚情寡义,以及“美国梦”在幻想、爱情与谎言中的破灭。
  • 阿米!走步!

    阿米!走步!

    本书包括阿米!走步!Ami! Chogbo!和谁先住进去 First , Move into Your New House和核!合!和!Conflict! Cooperation! Concord!内容。
  • AShortHistoryofShanghai

    AShortHistoryofShanghai

    Asthebookdevelopedseveralthingsbecameapparent.ItwasevidentthatthehistoryofShanghaiwasdifficulttocondense,andthattherewasroomforabiggervolumethanthis.Therearesomanydetailsthatitwouldhavebeeneasiertohavedepicteditonalargercanvas.
热门推荐
  • 万神决颠

    万神决颠

    无尽的碎片之中,万界鼎立。所有的万界帝皇都预谋着不可告人的秘密,这个秘密的根本却在安养生息,准备迎接暴风雨。而横扫万界的主角却还在一个小小位面中苦苦地挣扎着……
  • 洛水问心

    洛水问心

    七次转世,都死在了二十四岁的最后一天。这第八世,有你们相伴,再艰辛,却也无憾。
  • 明星修炼养成

    明星修炼养成

    丑小鸭的华丽蜕变……脱颖而出!娱乐圈的一切,重生的自己!恋上绝世美男……
  • 泛古灵印

    泛古灵印

    紫魂出、九灵现、天地覆这样真的值得吗?傻瓜,哪有值不值得,只有愿不愿意.....
  • 太古来袭

    太古来袭

    当强大的远古仙灵持尊归来,不死的太古魔神漫天席卷,蛮荒巨兽的肆意践踏,太古妖皇的冲天邪气来袭,王者之间的巅峰对决,太古妖兽大军与异兽联盟的抗衡.....数万年之后,新生的太古至尊体,又如何从一个羞涩的乡村少年,一步步成长,统一六界,收服蛮荒太古,登临那众神来朝,万佛共拜的至尊宝座。注:本书属慢热型,主角为成长型,诸路书友走过路过,收藏一下!推荐一下!书友群286724186,欢迎书友的加入。
  • 纷乱泪殇:皇后血

    纷乱泪殇:皇后血

    故国三千里,深宫二十年。在前朝,她是被人遗忘的少女皇后,十年孤寂,痴心不悔。在当朝,她是任人掌控的扯线木偶,十年禁锢,妖娆倾城。一心致她于绝境的新后妹妹,一生恋她至伤的新皇夜飒……而她,心念另有挚爱的亡君夜羲,不惜与重权独揽的父亲反目成仇。两朝涅槃,几世缱绻情义交错?她身边有温纯善良的戎马战将杨烨,亦有阴险狡黠的叛军东平王。情郎与江山,生死攸关的步步抉择,谁才是她的最终救赎?胭脂泪,相留醉,短暂相拥过后,再见他,只有百转千回在梦里……世世的羁绊,她该何去何从,怎样面对凡尘乱世?【古典虐文,请自备纸巾。新人一枚,求评论,么么哒】
  • 挫折·走出困境的智慧

    挫折·走出困境的智慧

    中国有一句话叫做:“自助者,天助也。”只有自己相信自己,不畏挫折和苦难,才会获得成功。梦想是一个天真的词语,但是实现梦想却是一个残酷的过程。一个人只有足够努力和强大的时候,奇迹才有可能发生。每个人一生都会遇到大大小小的挫折。其实你远没有你认为的那么不幸,很多时候摆正心态,比什么都重要。凯撒是一位非常著名的将军,有一次,他接受了皇帝的命令,去征讨一个叫做英伦诸岛的地方。在出征之前,凯撒检阅自己的部队,他发现了一个很严重的问题:和自己一起出征去打仗的人很少很少,不仅这样,连打仗所需要的武器装备也特别破旧和残缺。
  • 将臣之谜

    将臣之谜

    她拥有绝对力量,却因使人的贪婪与自私将她推向仇恨。她是否将改变命运?看她如何看清世人虚伪的面具,如何一步步走向巅峰,如何屠尽天下间的伪君子,一个千古之谜将横空出世。--情节虚构,请勿模仿
  • 八荒剑典

    八荒剑典

    新人写书、希望大家多多提意见、多多关照、
  • 逆天少年神魔双休

    逆天少年神魔双休

    一个14岁的少年,从神秘人那得知是修炼奇才,也知道了地球的危险,告别父母,从地球到修真界修炼,等到与天道平起平做时,回到地球,镇压血魔族。